在“十二五”规划背景下，随着(zhe)重点(dian)环节技术创新和实践完成(cheng)，国(guo)家电(dian)网(wang)(wang)将(jiang)全面加快坚强智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)发展，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)投(tou)资呈现出加速迹(ji)象。对今冬明春(chun)电(dian)力(li)的(de)供需形势，国(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源局预测电(dian)力(li)不(bu)(bu)容乐观，电(dian)网(wang)(wang)制(zhi)约成(cheng)为当前部分省区(qu)持续缺电(dian)的(de)主要原因，电(dian)网(wang)(wang)改造不(bu)(bu)可(ke)避(bi)免。“十二五”是(shi)国(guo)家智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)的(de)重要建设期，当前智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)在安全性、可(ke)靠(kao)性、互动性、经济性以及电(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)质量、对新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源接纳能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)等方面都有质的(de)提升。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)变电(dian)站(zhan)、配电(dian)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)调(diao)度(du)等领(ling)域是(shi)未来投(tou)资重点(dian)。

　　我国电网当前现状

　　中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)研究始于2007年(nian)，2009年(nian)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)首次向社会(hui)公(gong)布中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)“智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”发展计(ji)(ji)划，强调分(fen)阶(jie)段(duan)逐步推进，至2020年(nian)全面(mian)建(jian)成统一的(de)(de)“坚强智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”。2009-2010年(nian)国(guo)(guo)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)(he)南网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)致力(li)于各个环节的(de)(de)技术(shu)创新、试验和(he)(he)实践(jian)试点，中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)推广正在加速，主要技术(shu)标准和(he)(he)成果(guo)已经形成。国(guo)(guo)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)“十二五”期间规划投资(zi)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)1.7万亿元(yuan)，南网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)规划投资(zi)4005亿元(yuan)，两网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)合计(ji)(ji)投资(zi)超过2万亿元(yuan)，共同(tong)建(jian)设联(lian)接大型能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源基地和(he)(he)主要用电(dian)(dian)负荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)“三纵三横”结构的(de)(de)特(te)高压骨干(gan)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架。预计(ji)(ji)到(dao)2015年(nian)覆盖我国(guo)(guo)88%国(guo)(guo)土面(mian)积的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)够支撑(cheng)9000万千(qian)瓦风电(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)800万千(qian)瓦太阳能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)发电(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)接入和(he)(he)消纳，基本(ben)建(jian)成坚强智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。

　　中国(guo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)工业发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)设(she)(she)备(bei)装机容(rong)量(liang)和(he)发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)虽位(wei)居世界第(di)二位(wei)，但人均(jun)拥有装机容(rong)量(liang)仅(jin)为(wei)(wei)0.21千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，位(wei)居世界第(di)85位(wei)，人均(jun)发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)仅(jin)有900千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)时，仅(jin)为(wei)(wei)世界平均(jun)水平的1/3，发(fa)(fa)(fa)达国(guo)家的1/15，缺(que)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)显(xian)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)较(jiao)为(wei)(wei)明显(xian)，在(zai)(zai)产(chan)能(neng)(neng)受限的前提下，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)的推进刻不容(rong)缓。被视为(wei)(wei)“第(di)四次科技革命”的智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)将(jiang)保(bao)障能(neng)(neng)源供应(ying)、大规模接纳可再生能(neng)(neng)源并实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)互(hu)动性。目(mu)前我(wo)国(guo)在(zai)(zai)发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、输(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、变电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、调(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)各环(huan)节(jie)正全面开展(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)建设(she)(she)，包括成功建设(she)(she)和(he)投运了世界最高等(deng)级的特(te)高压交直流输(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程，实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了超(chao)远距离、超(chao)大规模输(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。同时国(guo)家电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)接纳新能(neng)(neng)源的能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)显(xian)著增(zeng)强，目(mu)前已接入约3800万(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)风电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)约45万(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)太阳能(neng)(neng)发(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。今年夏季电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荒(huang)的也可以归咎于(yu)目(mu)前电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)调(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)的局限性，当前31个重点城市核心(xin)区的配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)动化(hua)(hua)系统建设(she)(she)已逐步开始，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)的建设(she)(she)将(jiang)提高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)的调(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)范围及(ji)准确度(du)(du)(du)(du)，同等(deng)环(huan)境下电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荒(huang)得到(dao)一定的缓解。此(ci)外，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)的建设(she)(she)还(hai)助力(li)(li)(li)实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)对整个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)的智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)监控、分析及(ji)预警，实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)调(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)(hua)、自(zi)动化(hua)(hua)、互(hu)动化(hua)(hua)及(ji)对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)生产(chan)的组织(zhi)、指导和(he)协(xie)调(diao)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。

　　智能电网推动变电站发展

　　智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)站(zhan)是以全站(zhan)信息数字(zi)化(hua)、通(tong)信平台网络化(hua)、信息共享标准化(hua)为基本要求，自动(dong)完成信息采集、测量、控(kong)制(zhi)、保护(hu)、计量和监测等(deng)(deng)基本功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，并(bing)可根据需要支持(chi)电(dian)网实时自动(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)调节、在线分(fen)析决策、协同互动(dong)等(deng)(deng)高级功(gong)能(neng)(neng)， 实现与(yu)相邻(lin)变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)站(zhan)、电(dian)网调度等(deng)(deng)互动(dong)的变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)站(zhan)。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)站(zhan)与(yu)目前变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)站(zhan)相比，增强了智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，包括自适应、自协调、互动(dong)、控(kong)制(zhi)等(deng)(deng)，变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)环节的投(tou)(tou)资(zi)占智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)总投(tou)(tou)资(zi)额的33%。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)设备突出二(er)次设备，技(ji)术(shu)门槛(jian)高，市场格局集中，是变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)环节的投(tou)(tou)资(zi)重点。

　　智(zhi)能变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是智(zhi)能电网中的重点(dian)领域，关键技术(shu)(shu)研究(jiu)、技术(shu)(shu)标(biao)(biao)准制(zhi)定、试(shi)(shi)点(dian)项目(mu)进行以(yi)及(ji)长(zhang)期规划都将(jiang)促进智(zhi)能变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的长(zhang)足发展(zhan)。 国网前(qian)两批(pi)试(shi)(shi)点(dian)中74个(ge)试(shi)(shi)点(dian)变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全部(bu)完成了招标(biao)(biao)，目(mu)前(qian)已(yi)经(jing)20个(ge)变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)顺利投运，从第4批(pi)起，智(zhi)能站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)已(yi)经(jing)全部(bu)为非试(shi)(shi)点(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，智(zhi)能变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)监控(kong)系(xi)统在第4批(pi)中占比达到(dao)21%。目(mu)前(qian)智(zhi)能变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的二(er)(er)次设(she)备(bei)价格高出常(chang)规站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)70%-100%，智(zhi)能变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)二(er)(er)次设(she)备(bei)造价比常(chang)规站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)30%增长(zhang)，智(zhi)能变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)招标(biao)(biao)呈现放量的趋势(shi)，预计(ji)智(zhi)能变(bian)(bian)电站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)将(jiang)全面展(zhan)开大(da)规模建(jian)设(she)。

　　智能调度满足并网需求

　　智(zhi)能调(diao)度是(shi)智(zhi)能电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)核心，是(shi)实(shi)(shi)现(xian)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)最(zui)优控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)关键，智(zhi)能调(diao)度是(shi)通过(guo)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)调(diao)度所涉及的(de)(de)(de)各种技术手段的(de)(de)(de)运用，实(shi)(shi)现(xian)对电(dian)(dian)力生产过(guo)程精确(que)指挥和精益运营，确(que)保(bao)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)安全可(ke)靠(kao)、灵活(huo)协(xie)调(diao)、经(jing)济环保(bao)、运行(xing)高效。电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)调(diao)度普(pu)遍(bian)要求清洁能源(yuan)上网(wang)(wang)(wang)电(dian)(dian)量严(yan)格(ge)比(bi)照(zhao)负荷曲线，以(yi)确(que)保(bao)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)安全稳定运行(xing)，以(yi)风电(dian)(dian)为代表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)绝大多数新能源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)调(diao)峰能力不(bu)足，大规(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)清洁能源(yuan)接入(ru)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)可(ke)能会出现(xian)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)电(dian)(dian)压水平变动(dong)，线路(lu)传(chuan)(chuan)输功率超出极限(xian)，系(xi)统短路(lu)容(rong)量增加和系(xi)统暂态(tai)稳定性改变等一(yi)系(xi)列问题(ti)。智(zhi)能调(diao)度就是(shi)要在(zai)传(chuan)(chuan)统调(diao)度的(de)(de)(de)基础上，通过(guo)更加智(zhi)能化的(de)(de)(de)手段和工具，处理好清洁能源(yuan)最(zui)大限(xian)度上网(wang)(wang)(wang)和电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)安全稳定运行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)关系(xi)，从而实(shi)(shi)现(xian)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)优控制(zhi)。

　　智能(neng)调度(du)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)技术(shu)(shu)包括(kuo)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)调度(du)自动(dong)化和(he)负荷预测技术(shu)(shu)，调度(du)自动(dong)化系统是整个电(dian)(dian)网(wang)的(de)控制(zhi)核心(xin)，其可(ke)靠性(xing)对电(dian)(dian)网(wang)安全运行(xing)至关(guan)重要(yao)。电(dian)(dian)网(wang)调度(du)自动(dong)化系统主(zhu)要(yao)针对发电(dian)(dian)和(he)输电(dian)(dian)系统，是以计算机技术(shu)(shu)为基础的(de)现代电(dian)(dian)力系统的(de)综(zong)合(he)自动(dong)化系统，用于大区(qu)级(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)和(he)省级(ji)(ji)、地(di)级(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)的(de)调度(du)中(zhong)心(xin)，为电(dian)(dian)网(wang)调度(du)管理(li)人员提供电(dian)(dian)网(wang)各种实时的(de)信(xin)息(xi)，并对电(dian)(dian)网(wang)进行(xing)调度(du)决策管理(li)和(he)控制(zhi)，保(bao)证(zheng)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)安全运行(xing)，提高(gao)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)质量和(he)改善电(dian)(dian)网(wang)运行(xing)的(de)经济性(xing)。

　　配电智能化产能提速

　　智能(neng)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)未(wei)来智能(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心，配(pei)(pei)网(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)智能(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)技(ji)术和投资的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要吸收地，主要原因是(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)网(wang)(wang)侧集中(zhong)了分(fen)布式电(dian)源以(yi)及配(pei)(pei)网(wang)(wang)自动化等(deng)智能(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心部分(fen)，是(shi)(shi)支撑整(zheng)个智能(neng)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)承上(shang)启下的(de)(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)环节(jie)。当前(qian)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)覆盖面广，包(bao)含了大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)线路损耗，智能(neng)化改(gai)造具有显著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)经济意义，从技(ji)术可行性看，配(pei)(pei)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)电(dian)压等(deng)级适中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)最为适合进行智能(neng)化改(gai)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)环节(jie)。

　　现(xian)代工业对(dui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)质量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求越(yue)来越(yue)高，越(yue)来越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子设备的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用对(dui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求也越(yue)来越(yue)苛刻。配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)自动化(hua)(hua)在(zai)对(dui)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)统的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)质量(liang)进(jin)(jin)行监(jian)测的(de)(de)(de)(de)同时可以通过电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)质量(liang)补(bu)偿(chang)装(zhuang)置实现(xian)对(dui)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)质量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)补(bu)偿(chang)控(kong)制智能(neng)(neng)(neng)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)环节，2011年上半年大连、宁波、天津的(de)(de)(de)(de)试点工程投入运行，其他试点城(cheng)市配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)网(wang)(wang)(wang)正(zheng)在(zai)建设中，农网(wang)(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)(zuo)也开(kai)始启动。随着国网(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司在(zai)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)方面工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)推进(jin)(jin)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)网(wang)(wang)(wang)自动化(hua)(hua)将(jiang)越(yue)来越(yue)受到重视，通过加(jia)强对(dui)城(cheng)市配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)结构的(de)(de)(de)(de)改造(zao)，以及通过实现(xian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)统自动化(hua)(hua)来大幅度提高配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)统的(de)(de)(de)(de)运行管理水(shui)平，将(jiang)为配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)类上市公(gong)司带来利好。